地震应急中诱发滑坡灾害致灾距离快速评估方法研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王秀英  聂高众 《中国地震》2009,25(3)

地震诱发滑坡灾害在我国分布很广,尤以西部山区为重.地震滑坡不仅会造成巨大的经济损失和众多的人员伤亡,还会对震后应急救援方案的制定、救援路线的选择造成重大影响.为此,本文对建国以来300多个震例进行了分析研究,结合地震应急快速评估的实际工作需求,给出了在不同工作阶段进行地震诱发滑坡致灾距离评估的3种方法,并将本研究结果同其他研究结果进行分析比较,认为本研究所得结果比较适合于实际的应急灾害快速评估工作.  相似文献   

新疆天山中段波速比异常的应用研究     

龙海英  聂晓红 《国际地震动态》2009,(4):67-67

地震波是地球内部信息的主要来源。较大地震前,由于区域构造应力的增大,可能会导致震源及其周围地区介质特性发生变化,从而使得地震波速度发生变化。地震波速或波速比可以反映断层活动情况及地下介质流变性质等的改变（冯德益,1981;傅征祥等,1988;张学民等,2004）。我国的波速比研究已总结出波速比异常时间、幅度、形态与强震的关系,  相似文献   

P波视速度方法识别爆破群的初步研究     

吴宝峰  闫峰 《地震地磁观测与研究》2009,30(2):74-76

利用黑龙江省地震台网接收到的数字地震记录求出的P波视速度,将爆破的P波视速度和地震的P波速度比较,识别出爆破记录。结果表明：爆破的P波视速度小于地震的P波速度。  相似文献   

Glacial change in the vicinity of Mt. Qomolangma （Everest）, central high Himalayas since 1976   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

聂勇  张镱锂  刘林山  张继平 《地理学报(英文版)》2010,20(5):667-686

Glaciers are one of the most important land covers in alpine regions and especially sensitive to global climate change. Remote sensing has proved to be the best method of investigating the extent of glacial variations in remote mountainous areas. Using Landsat thematic mapping (TM) and multi-spectral-scanner (MSS) images from Mt. Qomolangma (Everest) National Nature Preserve (QNNP), central high Himalayas for 1976, 1988 and 2006, we derived glacial extent for these three periods. A combination of object-oriented image interpretation methods, expert knowledge rules and field surveys were employed. Results showed that (1) the glacial area in 2006 was 2710.17 ± 0.011 km² (about 7.41% of the whole study area), and located mainly to the south and between 4700 m to 6800 m above sea level; (2) from 1976 to 2006, glaciers reduced by 501.91 ± 0.035 km² and glacial lakes expanded by 36.88 ± 0.035 km²; the rate of glacier retreat was higher in sub-basins on the southern slopes (16.79%) of the Himalayas than on the northern slopes (14.40%); most glaciers retreated, and mainly occurred at an elevation of 4700–6400 m, and the estimated upper limit of the retreat zone is between 6600 m and 6700 m; (3) increase in temperature and decrease in precipitation over the study period are the key factors driving retreat.  相似文献   

塔里木盆地腹地新生界平行剖面的磁性地层研究:对塔克拉玛干沙漠形成演化的指示意义     

王鑫  孙东怀  王飞  吴晟  李宝锋 《地质力学学报》2010,16(4):412-422,411

选择了塔里木盆地腹地的红白山剖面, 对出露连续的晚新生代地层进行了高分辨率的磁性地层研究和古环境分析。结果表明:4.2Ma~3.4Ma, 塔里木盆地腹地的自然环境为干旱沉积平原, 气候条件相对湿热; 3.4Ma, 首次出现流动沙丘, 塔克拉玛干沙漠开始形成; 2.8Ma开始, 干旱化程度显著加强, 最终形成当今极度干旱的大型沙漠环境。在塔里木盆地的干旱化过程中, 副特提斯海的消亡、青藏高原的隆升和北极冰盖的演化均起到关键作用。   相似文献   

Late Palaeozoic tectonic setting of the southern Alxa Block,NW China: constrained by age and composition of diabase   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Yiping Zhang  Xuanhua Chen  Yannan Wang  Heng Zhao  Fengjun Nie 《International Geology Review》2017,59(8):1028-1046

The ages of diabase outcropping on the southern Alxa Block and in related tectonic setting are not well constrained, but are important for exploring the tectonic evolution of the southern Alxa Block. The ages of the zircons from the diabase intruding the Middle–Late Cambrian Xiangshan Group were measured using sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe II (SHRIMPII) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and the weighted mean ages of 276.8 ± 7.9 Ma and 276.2 ± 9.7 Ma were obtained, respectively. The major elements in the diabase indicate that it may belong to the tholeiitic series. With specific features of the rare earth elements (REEs) and trace elements, potentially affected by the continental crust based on the observed strong positive Pb anomaly, the diabase was produced in an intra-plate extension environment. Similar diabase/basalts were also found along the southern margin of the Alxa Block. Combined with sedimentary, palaeo-current, mafic, and felsic rocks in the southern Alxa Block, a back-arc extension environment potentially occurred in the southern Alxa Block during the Early–Middle Permian that resulted from the convergence between the North China Block (NCB) and the Yangtze Block.  相似文献   

Isotopes and sustainability of ground water resources, North China Plain   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Zongyu C  Zhenlong N  Zhaoji Z  Jixiang Q  Yunju N 《Ground water》2005,43(4):485-493

Ground water in deep confined aquifers is one of the major water resources for agricultural, industrial, and domestic uses in the North China Plain. Detailed information on ground water age and recharge is vital for the proper management of these water resources, and to this end, we used carbon 14 of dissolved inorganic carbon and tritium in water to measure the age and determine the recharge areas of ground water in the North China Plain. These isotopic data suggest that most ground water in the piedmont part of the North China Plain is <40 years old and is recharged locally. In contrast, ground water in the central and littoral portions of the North China Plain is 10,000 to 25,000 years old. The delta18O (deltaD) values of this ground water are 1.7 per thousand (11 per thousand) less than that in the piedmont plain ground water and possibly reflect water recharged during a cooler climate during the last glaciation. The temperature of this recharge, based on delta18O values, ranges from 3.7 degrees C to 8.4 degrees C, compared to 12 degrees C to 13 degrees C of modern recharge water. The isotopic data set combined indicates that ground water in the central and littoral part of the North China Plain is being mined under non-steady state conditions.  相似文献   

构造波及其在地震预报中的应用     

冯德益  聂永安  郭瑞芝  吴国有 《大地测量与地球动力学》1993,(1)

本文依据构造力源假说,对可能沿软流圈或构造带传播的四种类型的构造波进行了研究。这四种构造波为:广义瑞利型构造波;广义洛夫型构造波;广义构造导波及构造形变波。采用适当的软流圈模型,对这四种波型的频散关系及存在条件作了研究。理论研究结果表明,在软流圈中这四类波型均可能存在。 在理论研究的基础上,按照构造波所反映的地震前兆的周期(时间)长短,又把它们归为三类。第一类称为长周期的构造波,它反映了强震震中以波的形式迁移,这可以用来解释强震沿某些构造带与纬度方向迁移及其幅射状迁移等现象。第二类是中周期的构造波,它反映了地震前兆的三阶段发展变化。第三类为长周期的形变波,它是一种短周期的构造波,反映了短期或临震前兆。  相似文献   

A study on Emei mantle plume activity and the origin of high-As coal in southwestern Guizhou Province     

聂爱国  谢宏 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(3):238-244

1IntroductionIn recent years deep-going investigations into thestructure of the deep interior of the Earth have provedthat the region of Southwest China where the Emeishanbasalts are widespread is an igneous rock provincecommonly accepted by the internati…  相似文献   

Paleoceanographical records under impact of the Indian monsoon from the Bengal Deep Sea Fan and Ninetyeast Ridge during the last 260 ka     

Fang Nianqiao  Chen Xuefang  Ding Xuan  Hu Chaoyong  Yin Yong  Nie Haogang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2001,44(1):351

The orbital and interior climatic cycles can be found both in the Bengal Deep Sea Fan and Ninetyeast Ridge, North Indian Ocean. The periodicity of the Quaternary glacio-eustacy by 100 ka gave a strong impact on the sedimentation in the fan area and the monsoon signals controlled by the obliquity and precession were easily picked up. This paper discusses the possible correlation between the environmental elements on the basis of the ETP phase wheels. A rapid change with short-periods develops during the past 60 ka in the region under study as well. The variability of paleoproductivity has a nonlinear response to the Indian summer monsoon. As contrasted to the Northwest Indian Ocean, here an abundance ofGlobigerina bulloides, a proxy to indicate upwelling current, does not imply so much a promotion of the summer monsoon as its decrease. The record from the ridge area shows in a longer-scale a climatic evolutionary feature corresponding to that of the fan area. A special and great event arising at around 165 kaBP and meaning a catastrophe for ecological environment is reported in this paper. It is also regarded as a result induced by the monsoon.  相似文献